What is Agroforestry?
Agroforestry is a form of resource management that combines forest management activities or timber trees with the planting of commodities or short-term crops, such as agricultural crops.
Agroforestry is all sustainable or sustainable land use patterns, which can maintain and increase the optimal overall yield by combining food crops, annual, and economic value tree crops, with or without livestock or domestic fish, on land and at the same time or time. taking turns with practical management methods that suit the social and cultural conditions of the local population, as well as the economic and ecological conditions of the area. So agroforestry is a form of integrated land use (forestry, agriculture and / or livestock) that exist in various places in the world.
Agroforestry classification can be based on various aspects according to perspectives and interests.
a. The classification is based on the constituent components, namely:
- Agrisilvicultural systems
- Agrisilvicultur is an agroforestry system that combines a forestry component (or woody plants) with an agricultural component (or non-timber crops). Woody plants are those that are tree crops and non-timber crops of annual crops. For example: Mahogany trees are planted in rows between cassava.
- Silvopastura (Silvopastural systems)
- The silvopastura system is an agroforestry system that includes a forestry component (or woody plants) with a livestock (or livestock / pasture) component. Example: Trees and shrubson pastures, or integrated production of animals and wood products.
- Agrosilvopastura (Agrosilvopastural systems)
- The agrosilvopasture system Agroforestry is a combination of woody components (forestry) with agriculture (seasonal) and at the same time livestock / animals in the same land management unit. Example: Parak in Maninjau with various kinds of trees such as cinnamon, nutmeg, durian, as an understorey cardamom (Ammomum cardamomum) and some wild ferns from the forest.
b. Classification based on the terms used
- Agroforestry Systems
- Agroforestry systems can be based on their biological composition and regulation, level of technical management or socioeconomic characteristics. The use of the term system is actually general. In terms of biological composition, examples of agroforestry systems are agrisilviculture, silvopastura, agrosilvopastura.
- Agroforestry Sub System
- The agroforestry sub-system shows a lower hierarchy than the agroforestry system, although it remains part of the system itself. For example, the agroforestry system still consists of several different agroforestry subsystems such as alley cropping, intercropping (taungya system) and others.
- Agroforestry Practices
- The term "practice" in agroforestry refers to a typical land management operation of agroforestry which is purely based on the interests / needs or also the experience of local farmers or other management units, in which there are agroforestry components.
- Agroforestry Technology
- The use of the term "agroforestry technology" is innovation or improvement through scientific intervention of existing agroforestry systems or practices to obtain greater benefits. For example, the introduction of mycorrhizal or weed management technologies in an effort to conserve Imperata grassland towards a productive agroforestry system (agroforestry; intercropping sub-system).
c. Classification Agroforestry based on the period of development
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d. Agroecological zone classification
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