The art of pedalangan
The art of pedalangan is a unity that is balanced and in tune, because the art of pedalangan contains at least seven existing art elements. The seven elements of art include drama, painting or fine arts, carving or crafting, literary arts, sound arts, dance, musical arts.
Elements of Pedalangan Art
Dramatic Arts
We know the philosophical meaning of drama art and we experience it through every story or wayang play that is traditional in nature, including in the story of Dewa Ruci from the epic Mahabharata, which tells Werkudara when studying from Begawan Drona to seek perfection in life until he met Dewa Ruci, a teacher. true for the Werkudara. The narrative of the story is that the human psyche is broader than the world and everything in it.
The story of Kumbakarna falls from the epic Ramayana, which tells the story of Kumbakarna's courage in fighting Rama's army. This courage was due to defending his homeland, namely the land of Alengka which was almost destroyed.
Painting or fine art
Painting or fine art that can be seen from the form of the puppet, as well as the sunggingan and its color scheme, each color representing its own psychological symbol, among others: the form of the puppet shows the character or character of the puppet characters with a matching sunggingan, perfect color composition, so that does not distort the view of the whole wayang itself and can be soul-tuning for those who see it. The figures of Kresna and Arjuna, for clothes, will not be accompanied by kawung patterns or damaged machetes, because these figures are depictions of supreme figures for puppet creators.
Tatah (Chisel) or Craft Art
The sculptures or crafts that can be seen from the form of puppets made from buffalo or cow skin or wood through a very long process, require persistence, are complicated but neat. In the sculptures or craft art, there are several types of carvings and inlays, including carvings or inlay that are subtle in the form of works of art, carvings or inlay for pedalangan so that the carvings can be clearly seen in the light and then the carvings or coarse inlay for commercial use. , so that in trading the price is not too high.
Literary Arts
Literary art that can be heard from the language of pedalangan is so beautiful and captivating. The language of pedalangan for the regions of Central Java and East Java is generally used according to Javanese grammar using the kawi idiom which gives rise to a sublime and haunted feeling, upload-upload in language use, for example ngoko, ngoko alus, tengahan, kromo, kromo Inggil, kedaton, Kadewan, bagongan.
Ngoko or basa ngoko is a language at the level of panakawan, ngoko alus is the language of parents towards young people who have higher dignity, middle base is middle (middle), Basa Kromo is soft language, Kromo Inggil is the language for people who are subordinate to superiors, bases kedatonan or kraton language, namely for kings and their subordinates, basa kadewan is a special language for the gods, and basa bagongan is a mixture of kedaton and kadewan languages.
Sound Art
For a puppeteer, sound art with solid vocals is the main requirement in maintaining the quality of the performance. From the time he sat holding the shadow puppet hand (cempurit or tuding) and the stalk on the puppet body (gapit), under the oil lamp (blencong) until he ended his performance by sticking the last gunungan (kayon) as a sign of closure. He must be able to master the vocals with a steady, tuned to the tone or rhythm of the gamelan perfectly.
The combination of the sounds of the puppeteer, the singer, the wiraswara and the sound of the gamelan with the strains and rhythm of a beautiful song, is the art of sound that we catch in every puppet show. Dialogue in each puppet character who has a certain character and character, the volume of the voice will be different from the other characters and will always be guided by the tuning of the gamelan, for example the character of Werkudara tends to be low and big (bass), and other characters.
The art of dance
Dance is a form of art with a movement medium. In the pakeliran work, the elements of the value of the art of dance can be seen in the appearance of the sabet. This sabet in pakeliran is the embodiment of dynamic cultivation. The cultivation of the motion medium in pedalangan always has relevance to the accompaniment of gending as a supporter and atmosphere maker, resulting in clear and dynamic wayang movements and dances.
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Karawitan artMusical art can be enjoyed from the songs which are ethical and aesthetically pleasing. The musical art is a harmonious, tuning and graceful accompaniment to the play performed by the puppeteer ki. The role of the gamelan is very important in pakeliran or in wayang performances. The musical accompaniment of pedalangan is very supportive in performances, especially to differentiate wayang dialogues. This is due to the limitations of the puppeteers' ki imitating the dialogues and the ways of speaking of each of the various puppet characters, as well as the limited wayang in acting or sabetan and the limited scenes made in these performances. In addition, there are also demands for various kinds of atmosphere in the accompaniment of the pakeliran. |
Several ways to describe the atmosphere of each scene in the Wayang Kulit Purwa performance in Central Java are the pathet which is divided into three parts, namely: pathet Nem (6) between 21.00 -24.00; Pathet Sanga (9) between 00.00 - 03.00 and Pathet Manyura between 03.00 - 05.00. The initial part is the opening (neutral), the middle part is the content or problem, and the final part is the closing or solution.
The Jawatimuran style Purwa shadow puppet show has four types of pathets, namely: pathet Ten (10) is the beginning before the show begins or commonly called ayak talu or ayak Sepuluh, which is used only for certain repertoire, specifically ayak Talu and Gedog Tamu, pathet Wolu between 21.00 - 24.00; Pathet Sanga (9) between 00.00 - 03.00 and Pathet Serang between 03.00 - 05.00. Each pathet in the Jawatimuran style Purwa leather puppet show also has its own meaning and is not much different from other leather puppet styles.
The Betawi shadow puppet show only has two types of pathets, one of which is the kenceng pathet: performed before midnight, and the loose pathet performed towards the end of the show. Other ways of describing the atmosphere are by using nicknames, janturan and pocapan, gending, dodogan, keprakan.
A nickname is a song performed by a puppeteer to show a certain atmosphere. Included in the nickname are ada-ada, sendon, bendhengan, kombangan.
Janturan or pocapan is also called narration, which means the puppeteer tells the story with a certain atmosphere. Gending is a series of notes that have arranged a musical melody. Dodogan is the sound of knocking on the puppet box. Meanwhile, the wayang box hitter is called a cempala. Keprakan, namely the sound of a metal plate hanging on the puppet box on the right side slightly ahead. Keprak is sounded by pushing the sole of the dalang's right foot in the front.